Grid Planning, Forecasting & Markets

Resource adequacy, forecasting, modeling, transmission/distribution planning and market structures.

How technical, economic, environmental and reliability constraints are integrated across an energy system.

Connect generation, networks, storage, flexible demand and digital controls without treating them as separate projects.

Why power systems plan enough supply and deliverability to serve expected demand under uncertainty.

A simple capacity-planning concept comparing expected available resources with forecast peak demand.

Why planners and operators study credible equipment outages before they occur.

How planners and operators estimate future demand from minutes ahead to decades ahead.

How weather and resource data help estimate wind and solar output.

How electrification, data centres, population, industry and efficiency change long-term load.

Coordinate generation, transmission, distribution, storage and demand under uncertainty.

Why network expansion studies power flow, contingencies, generation changes and demand growth.

How local utilities anticipate feeder, substation and transformer needs as demand and DER change.

A conceptual explanation of how network models estimate voltages, angles and transfers under steady-state conditions.

How simplified mathematical representations help explore power-system behaviour and planning scenarios.

A general introduction to how organized markets can coordinate energy, capacity and reliability services in some regions.

How system operators coordinate real-time supply, demand, reserves and network conditions.

Why grids need frequency response, reserves, voltage support and other services in addition to energy.

How public rules shape reliability, rates, market structure, environmental obligations and investment.

A general explanation of attribute certificates associated with renewable electricity in some markets.