Privacy Policy

Last reviewed: August 8, 2026.

This Privacy Policy applies to How Energy & Power Systems Work, operated by WRS Web Solutions Inc., 18 King Street East, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1C4, Canada.

Browser-side calculators

The calculators are designed to process values locally in your browser. The site does not create a user account for these tools and does not intentionally store entered values as a personal profile.

Technical server logs

The hosting environment may process standard technical information such as IP address, request time, requested URL, browser/device information, referrer and response status for operation, security and troubleshooting.

Google AdSense and third-party advertising

This website may use Google AdSense and other Google-authorized advertising technology providers. Third parties, including Google, may use cookies, web beacons, IP addresses, device identifiers or similar technologies for ad delivery, measurement, security, fraud prevention and improvement.

Third-party vendors, including Google, use cookies to serve ads based on a user's prior visits to this website or other websites. Google's use of advertising cookies enables Google and its partners to serve ads based on visits to this site and/or other sites on the Internet.

Personalized and non-personalized ads

Depending on region, consent and settings, personalized or non-personalized ads may be shown. Non-personalized ads may still use cookies or similar identifiers for frequency capping, aggregated reporting, security, fraud prevention and measurement where permitted.

Advertising choices

Google advertising personalization can be managed through Google Ads Settings. Participating third-party vendors may also support industry opt-out mechanisms such as YourAdChoices.

Google partner-site data use

Google explains how it uses information from sites and apps that use its services at How Google uses information from sites or apps that use our services.

EEA, United Kingdom and Switzerland

Additional consent and transparency requirements apply in the European Economic Area, United Kingdom and Switzerland. Applicable publishers must use a Google-certified Consent Management Platform integrated with the IAB Europe Transparency & Consent Framework for relevant advertising processing. TCF v2.3 is mandatory for TC strings generated on or after March 1, 2026.

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Contact

Privacy, legal, copyright or accessibility matters can be submitted through the WRS Web Solutions Inc. Help Desk. Do not submit credentials, utility control information, sensitive network diagrams or confidential operational data.